2023 hottest year on record, UN weather agency says
Away from the freezing weather conditions, data from the UN weather agency has found this year is all but certain to be the hottest on record.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) said the average temperature for the year is up some 1.4C from pre-industrial times.
The WMO's secretary general said the onset earlier this year of El Nino, the weather phenomenon marked by heating in the Pacific Ocean, could tip the average temperature next year over the 1.5C target cap set in Paris.
"It's practically sure that during the coming four years we will hit this 1.5, at least on temporary basis," Petteri Taalas said.
"And in the next decade we are more or less going to be there on a permanent basis."
The WMO issued the findings for today's start of the UN's annual climate conference, this year being held in the United Arab Emirates city of Dubai.
The UN agency said the benchmark of the key Paris accord goal will be whether the 1.5C increase is sustained over a 30-year span - not just a single year - but others say the world needs more clarity on that.
"Clarity on breaching the Paris agreement guard rails will be crucial," said Richard Betts of the UK's Met Office, the lead author of a new paper on the issue with the University of Exeter, published in the journal Nature.
"Without an agreement on what actually will count as exceeding 1.5C, we risk distraction and confusion at precisely the time when action to avoid the worst effects of climate change becomes even more urgent," he added.