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Why search of superyacht wreck has been so difficult

A diver coordinating the search and rescue effort says conditions have been "prohibitive". Sky News looks at the challenges the operation has faced.

Rescue personnel and divers operate in search for the missing, including British entrepreneur Mike Lynch, in the area where a luxury yacht sank off the coast of Porticello, near the Sicilian city of Palermo, Italy, August 21, 2024. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
Image: Pic: Reuters
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The search operation to recover the bodies of those who died on board the Bayesian superyacht when it sank has been plagued with difficulties.

Seven bodies have been found after the luxury vessel went down off the coast of Sicily in the early hours of Monday, with six identified.

Here, Sky News looks at the factors that have made the search and rescue operation so difficult.

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Depth of the wreckage

Marco Tilotta, a diver who has been coordinating the search and rescue, said teams worked continuously from Monday but conditions below the water have been "prohibitive".

The British-flagged superyacht is still largely intact on the seabed, but the 50m depth to which it sank makes it difficult to access.

Pic: Danny Wheelz
Image: The Bayesian superyacht pictured before the disaster. Pic: Danny Wheelz

The depth is far deeper than most recreational divers are qualified to reach and requires special precautions.

This means divers can only spend around 12 minutes under the water at a time - with a maximum of 10 minutes of actual search time.

This is in part to help avoid decompression sickness - also known as the "bends" - which can occur when divers stay underwater for long periods and ascend too quickly.

Divers have been searching the area where the yacht sank. Pic: Reuters
Image: Divers have been searching the area since Monday evening. Pic: Reuters

"The longer you stay, the slower your ascent has to be," says Simon Rogerson, the editor of SCUBA magazine.

As well as the pressure at this depth, divers have had to battle the cold and dark water conditions.

To try to overcome this, a tag-team method has been used to swap divers in and out.

Entering the yacht

Reaching the wreckage is only the beginning of the difficulties posed to divers.

The 56-metre-long vessel is currently lying on its right side, meaning there are few points of entry. Divers have not been able to see anything inside the yacht from outside it.

Pic:Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group
Image: Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group

Luca Cari, from Italy's fire and rescue department, said originally divers were able to enter the yacht through the lounge via a ladder. It has been reported were also able to open a hole in the side of the boat.

The command bridge, which is full of electrical cables, was also searched but no one was found.

Mr Cari said divers identified a glass window through which they could enter, though it had to be removed to gain access. The window is 3cm thick, making removal difficult.

Cabins blocked by furniture

Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group
Image: The interior of the Bayesian yacht before it sank. Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group

The Bayesian sank in a matter of minutes at around 4.30am local time on Monday, so many of the 22 people on board were thought to have been asleep.

Rescue crews said they assumed those missing were in cabins below deck, but divers were unable to access these areas because of furniture blocking the way.

According to Italian media, two of the bodies recovered on Wednesday were found behind two mattresses.

Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group
Image: Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group
Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group
Image: Pic: Perini Navi/The Italian Sea Group

Read more:
Who was on superyacht?
'Alarming' potential cause of disaster
Doctor reveals why hero mum survived

Technology employed to help search

As well as specialist divers, remote-controlled underwater devices have been deployed during the search.

One drone used by the Italian coastguard can stay at a depth of 50m for around two hours.

Underwater drone. Pic: Guardia Costeria
Image: Underwater drones are being used in the search operation. Pic: Guardia Costeria

An upgraded drone can stay underwater for six to seven hours at a depth of 300m.

The underwater technology can record detailed images and help with a reconstruction of what happened.

Former Royal Navy submarine captain Ryan Ramsey said the drones were "amazing pieces of technology".

Dr Jamie Pringle, a reader in forensic geoscience at Keele University, added that the devices were "really useful" for divers to check which areas should be explored further, and others which should be avoided.